Seasonal Variability of foE and Nocturnal Winter Anomaly in E-layer during Solar Cycles 21 and 22 at the Ouagadougou Station
Physical Science International Journal,
Page 1-10
DOI:
10.9734/psij/2022/v26i230307
Abstract
This paper aims to study the variability of foE during two solar cycles 21 (SC21) and 22 (SC22) at Ouagadougou station (lat = 12.4°N, long = 358.5°E, local time (LT) = universal time (UT)), to give visibility on the behavior of foE in this station. We used International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2016) to collect data from five (5) quiet days of each characteristic month of each season. This study reveals that in this station located at the ionospheric equator, the variability of foE follows the evolution of the sun intensity during the day. There is a correlation between foE and the solar cycle phase, the season, and the time of day. During the day [0500 LT-1900LT], the foE profile does not show a winter anomaly, contrary to what is observed in the F2 layer at the minimum and maximum SC21 and SC22. On the other hand, a nocturnal winter anomaly was observed related to that observed in the F2 layer in the same periods. The study of foE at the Ouagadougou station will allow ionospheric physicists to have visibility on the seasonal variability of foE in this station.
Keywords:
- Equinoctial asymmetry
- foE variability
- season
- solar cycle phase
- winter anomaly
How to Cite
Gédéon, S., Roger, N., Moustapha, K., & Emmanuel, N. (2022). Seasonal Variability of foE and Nocturnal Winter Anomaly in E-layer during Solar Cycles 21 and 22 at the Ouagadougou Station. Physical Science International Journal, 26(2), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.9734/psij/2022/v26i230307
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Strobel DF, Young TR, Meier RR, Coffey TP, Ali AW. The night-time ionosphere: E-region and lower F-region. Journal of Geophysical Research. 1974;79:3171-3178.
Strobel DF, Opal CB, Meier RR. Photoionization rates in the night-time E and F-region ionosphere. Planetary and Space Science. 1980;28:1027- 1033.
Titheridge JE. Modelling the peak of the ionospheric E-layer. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 2000;62:93-114.
Deminov MG, Deminova GF. Winter Anomaly of the E-Layer Critical Frequency in the Nighttime Auroral Zone. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2017; 57(5):584-590.
Deminov MG, Deminova GF. W. Inter Anomaly in the Critical Frequency of the Nighttime Polar Ionosphere's E Layer. Cosmic Research. 2019;57(1): 29-35.
Rishbeth H, Muller- Wodarg ICF. Why is there more ionosphere in January than in July? The annual asymmetry in the F2-layer. Annales Geophysicae. 2006;24: 3293-3311.
Nanéma E, Ouédraogo I, Zoundi C, Ouattara F. Electron bulk surface density effect on critical frequency in the F2-layer. International Journal of Geosciences. 2018;9:572-578.
Nanéma E, Konaté M, Ouattara F. Peak of electron density in F2-layer parameters variability at quiet days on solar minimum. J. Mod. Phys. 2019;10: 302-309.
Daniel N. Baker. How to cope with space weather. Science. 2002;297:1486.
John M. Goodman. Operational communication systems and relationships to the ionosphere and space weather. Advances in Space Research. 2003;36: 2241-2252.
Wongcharoen P, Kenpankho P, Supnithi P, Ishii M, Tsugawa T. Comparison of E layer critical frequency over the Thai station Chumphon with IRI. Advances in Space Research. 2015;55: 2131-2138.
Wafaa Zaki, Rwziah Mahmood Mohammed, Jawdet Hidayat. The effect of sunspots number on the Total Electron Content (TEC) of the Ionospheric Layer E over Kirkuk Station for Solar Cycle 24. Kirkuk University Journal/Scientific Studies (KUJSS); 2020.
Brahmanandam PS, Chu YH, Wu KH, Hsia HP, Su CL, Uma G. Vertical and longitudinal electron density structures of equatorial E- and F-regions. Ann. Geophys. 2011;29:81-89.
Ouattara F, Amory-Mazaudier C. Statistical study of the equatorial F layer critical frequency at Ouagadougou during solar cycles 20, 21 and 22, using Legrand and Simon's classification of geomagnetic activity. EDP Sci; 2012.
DOI: 10.1051/swsc/2012019.
Nanéma E, Frédéric Ouattara. HMF2 quiet time variations at Ouagadougou and comparison with IRI-2012 and TIEGCM predictions during solar minimum and maximum. Archives of Applied Science Research. 1013;5:55- 61.
Aristide Marie Frédéric Gyébré, Doua Allain Gnabahou, Frédéric Ouattara. The geomagnetic effects of solar activity as measured at Ouagadougou station. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 2018;8:178-190.
Sibri Alphonse Sandwidi, Doua Allain Gnabahou, Frédéric Ouattara. foF2 Seasonal Asymmetry Diurnal Variation Study during Very Quiet Geomagnetic Activity at Dakar Station. International Journal of Geophysics; 2020. Article ID 8896188.
Nanéma E, Ouattara F. HmF2 quiet time variations at Ouagadougou and comparison with IRI-2012 and TIEGCM predictions during solar minimum and maximum. Arch. Appl. Sci. Res. 2013;5: 55-61.
Gnabahou DA, Ouattara F, Nanéma E, Zougmoré F. foF2 diurnal variability at African equatorial stations: Dip equator secular displacement effect. Int. J. Geosci. 2013;4(1145).
Inez S. Batista, Abdu MA. Ionospheric variability at Brazilian low and equatorial latitudes: Comparison between observations and IRI model. Advances in Space Research. 2004;34: 1894-1900.
Bilitza D, Reinisch BW. International reference ionosphere 2007: improvements and new parameters. Adv. Space Res. 2008;42:599-609.
Dieter Bilitza, David Altadill, Yongliang Zhang, Chris Mertens, Vladimir Truhlik, Phil Richards, Lee-Anne McKinnell, and Bodo Reinisch. The International Reference Ionosphere 2012 - a model of international collaboration. J. Space Weather Space Clim. 2014;4:A07.
Kouris SS, Muggleton LM. Diurnal variation in E-layer ionization. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 1973a;35:133-139.
Kouris SS, Muggleton LM. World morphology of Appleton E-layer seasonal anomaly. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 1973b; 35:141-151.
Muggleton LM. A method of predicting foE at any time and place. Telecommunications Journal. 1975;42: 413-418.
Bilitza D. International Reference Ionosphere: IRI-90. Greenbelt, Maryland, National Space Science Data Center. 1990;59-60.
Zerbo JL, Ouattara F, Zoundi C, Gyebre A. Solar cycle 23 and geomagnetic activity since 1868. Rev. CAMES-Series A. 2012; 12(2):255-262.
Strobel DF, Young TR, Meier RR, Coffey TP, Ali AW. The night-time ionosphere: E-region and lower F-region. Journal of Geophysical Research. 1974;79:3171-3178.
Strobel DF, Opal CB, Meier RR. Photoionization rates in the night-time E and F-region ionosphere. Planetary and Space Science. 1980;28:1027- 1033.
Titheridge JE. Modelling the peak of the ionospheric E-layer. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 2000;62:93-114.
Deminov MG, Deminova GF. Winter Anomaly of the E-Layer Critical Frequency in the Nighttime Auroral Zone. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2017; 57(5):584-590.
Deminov MG, Deminova GF. W. Inter Anomaly in the Critical Frequency of the Nighttime Polar Ionosphere's E Layer. Cosmic Research. 2019;57(1): 29-35.
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