Solid-state Batteries: Overcoming Challenges and Harnessing Opportunities for a Sustainable Energy Future
Chinaecherem Tochukwu Arum *
Department of Material Science and Explosives, Faculty of Science, Nigerian Defence Academy, PMB 2109, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Simon Bbumba *
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda, Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Computing, Ndejje University, P.O. Box 7088, Kampala, Uganda and Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Muni University, P.O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda.
Moses Kigozi
Department of Chemistry, Busitema University, P. O. BOX 236, Tororo, Uganda.
Ibrahim Karume
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
Hakimu Nsubuga
Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, Muni University, P.O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda.
Maximillian Kato
Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Computing, Ndejje University, P.O. Box 7088, Kampala, Uganda.
Ivan Kiganda
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
Peter Sekandi
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
Collins Letibo Yikii
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
Muhammad Ntale
Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Herein we reviewed solid-state batteries (SSBs) as an emerging and promising alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries, offering enhanced energy density, safety, and longevity. Solid-state batteries (SSBs) use a solid electrolyte instead of the liquid or gel electrolytes found in conventional lithium-ion batteries. SSBs can achieve energy densities of up to 500 Wh/kg, compared to 350 Wh/kg for conventional lithium-ion batteries. This paper explores the potential of SSBs to revolutionize grid stability and energy storage. The unique characteristics of SSBs, including their solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) and absence of liquid components, significantly mitigate safety concerns associated with traditional batteries. Moreover, SSBs exhibit higher faster charging rates, making them ideal for applications demanding high energy storage capacity and rapid response times. The paper further discusses the key challenges and advancements in SSB development, including material selection, manufacturing processes, and cost reduction. It also highlights the anode and cathode materials but also the interface challenges faced during the design and development of SSBs. By addressing the limitations of current energy storage solutions, SSBs offer a promising pathway toward a more resilient and sustainable energy future.
Keywords: Solid-state batteries, energy storage, electrolytes, cathode, anode